KLK6

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Kallikrein-related peptidase 2
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Identifiers
Symbol?
HGNC6366
OMIM147960
RefSeqNM_005551
UniProtP20151
Other data
EC number3.4.21.35


Kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (KLK2) is a serine protease enzyme encoded by the KLK2 gene in humans. It is part of the kallikrein family of enzymes, which are involved in various physiological processes, including blood pressure regulation, inflammation, and cancer progression.

Structure[edit | edit source]

KLK2 is a single-chain glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa. It is synthesized as a preproenzyme and undergoes post-translational modifications to become an active enzyme. The active form of KLK2 contains a catalytic triad composed of histidine, aspartate, and serine residues, which are essential for its proteolytic activity.

Function[edit | edit source]

KLK2 is primarily expressed in the prostate gland and is involved in the liquefaction of seminal fluid. It acts by cleaving semenogelins, which are proteins responsible for the gel-like consistency of semen. This process is crucial for sperm motility and fertility.

In addition to its role in reproduction, KLK2 has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. It is often co-expressed with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), another member of the kallikrein family, and can activate PSA by cleaving its precursor form. Elevated levels of KLK2 in the blood can be indicative of prostate cancer, making it a potential biomarker for the disease.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

KLK2 is being studied as a biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Its expression levels, along with PSA, can provide valuable information about the presence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer. Research is ongoing to develop KLK2-targeted therapies and diagnostic tools.

Genetics[edit | edit source]

The KLK2 gene is located on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4, within a cluster of kallikrein genes. It consists of five exons and four introns, and its expression is regulated by androgen hormones. Variations in the KLK2 gene have been associated with altered enzyme activity and prostate cancer risk.

Research Directions[edit | edit source]

Current research on KLK2 focuses on understanding its role in cancer biology, developing sensitive assays for its detection, and exploring its potential as a therapeutic target. Studies are also investigating the regulation of KLK2 expression and its interaction with other kallikreins and proteases.

Also see[edit | edit source]

Template:Kallikreins

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD