Left atrial appendage

Left Atrial Appendage (LAA) is a small, ear-shaped sac in the muscle wall of the top left chamber of the heart that is known as the left atrium. The LAA is not a vital structure and has a tendency to develop clots in certain pathological conditions.

Anatomy

The Left Atrial Appendage is a tubular, often hooked structure that extends from the main body of the left atrium. It varies in size and shape between individuals, but typically measures between 2 and 4 cm in diameter. The LAA is composed of myocardium, the muscular tissue of the heart, and is lined with endocardium, a thin layer of cells that also lines the interior of the heart chambers.

File:LAA Anatomy.png

Anatomy of the Left Atrial Appendage

Function

The exact function of the LAA is not fully understood. It is believed to play a role in the modulation of left atrial pressure and possibly in the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide, a hormone involved in the regulation of blood pressure.

Clinical Significance

The LAA is a common site for the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in patients with atrial fibrillation, a common heart rhythm disorder. These clots can dislodge and travel to the brain, causing a stroke. Therefore, in patients with atrial fibrillation who are at high risk for stroke, the LAA may be surgically removed or closed off (occluded) to prevent clot formation.

Treatment

Treatment options for managing the risk of stroke associated with the LAA include anticoagulant medication, LAA occlusion devices, and surgical removal of the LAA. The choice of treatment depends on the individual patient's risk factors and overall health.

See Also

• Atrial Fibrillation
• Stroke
• Anticoagulant

References

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