Left atrioventricular valve
The left atrioventricular valve, also known as the mitral valve, is a vital component of the heart. It is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, and plays a crucial role in the proper circulation of blood within the heart. The valve ensures that blood flows in a forward direction from the left atrium to the left ventricle and prevents backflow during ventricular contraction.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The left atrioventricular valve consists of two cusps or leaflets, which are termed the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. These leaflets are supported by a fibrous ring known as the annulus, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles. The chordae tendineae are strong, fibrous strings that attach the leaflets to the papillary muscles of the left ventricle. This complex structure ensures that the valve functions properly and maintains a one-way flow of blood.
Function[edit | edit source]
During the relaxation phase of the heart (diastole), the left atrioventricular valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle. As the ventricle fills and begins to contract (systole), the valve closes to prevent the backflow of blood into the atrium. This sequential opening and closing of the valve are crucial for the efficient pumping of blood and maintaining adequate blood pressure throughout the body.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Diseases of the left atrioventricular valve, such as mitral valve prolapse, mitral regurgitation, and mitral stenosis, can significantly affect the heart's ability to function efficiently. These conditions may lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. Severe cases may require medical interventions like medication, valve repair, or valve replacement surgery.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
