List of combined sex-hormonal preparations
Combined sex-hormonal preparations are pharmaceutical drugs that contain a combination of sex hormones. These preparations are primarily used in hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The combination usually involves a form of estrogen and a form of progestogen, mimicking the natural hormone levels in the body to prevent ovulation, prepare the body for pregnancy, or alleviate symptoms of menopause.
Types of Combined Sex-Hormonal Preparations[edit | edit source]
Combined sex-hormonal preparations can be classified based on their method of administration and the specific hormones they contain. Common types include:
- Oral contraceptives: Often referred to as "the pill," these are taken daily and are one of the most widely used forms of hormonal contraception.
- Transdermal patch: A patch applied to the skin that releases hormones into the bloodstream.
- Vaginal ring: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina, releasing hormones locally.
- Injectable contraceptives: Hormones are administered through injections at regular intervals.
Components[edit | edit source]
Estrogens[edit | edit source]
Estrogens used in combined preparations include:
- Ethinylestradiol (EE)
- Estradiol (E2)
- Estradiol valerate (EV)
Progestogens[edit | edit source]
Progestogens in these preparations may include:
- Levonorgestrel (LNG)
- Norethindrone (NET)
- Drospirenone (DRSP)
- Desogestrel (DSG)
Indications[edit | edit source]
Combined sex-hormonal preparations are indicated for:
- Prevention of pregnancy
- Management of menstrual disorders
- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause
- Treatment of hormone-responsive cancers (in specific cases)
Contraindications[edit | edit source]
Use of combined hormonal preparations is contraindicated in individuals with:
- History of thromboembolic disorders
- Breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers
- Uncontrolled hypertension
- Liver disease
Side Effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects include:
- Nausea
- Headache
- Breast tenderness
- Mood changes
- Increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE)
See Also[edit | edit source]
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