List of micronutrients

Micronutrients are essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions to maintain health. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals. Unlike macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are needed in larger amounts, micronutrients are needed in smaller doses. Micronutrients are critical for the proper functioning of all body systems, from bone growth to brain function.

Overview

Micronutrients are divided into two categories: vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic compounds that are necessary for body growth and development, as well as the maintenance of the immune system. Minerals are inorganic elements that come from the soil and water and are absorbed by plants or eaten by animals. The body needs different amounts of each micronutrient, and each plays a unique role in normal cellular function, growth, and development.

Vitamins

Vitamins are organic substances made by plants or animals, divided into two types: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins include Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K, which can be stored in the body's fatty tissue and liver. Water-soluble vitamins include the B-vitamins and Vitamin C, which must be consumed more regularly because they are not stored in the body in significant amounts.

Minerals

Minerals are inorganic and hold on to their chemical structure. They are categorized into macro-minerals, which are needed in larger doses, and trace minerals, which are required in smaller amounts. Macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur. Trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

Importance of Micronutrients

Micronutrients play an essential role in metabolism, cell function, and the prevention of chronic diseases. Lack of micronutrients can lead to malnutrition, which can cause a variety of health issues, including growth and developmental problems, weak immune system, and chronic diseases. Micronutrient deficiencies are a major global health issue, affecting millions of people worldwide.

Sources of Micronutrients

The best way to get the required micronutrients is through a balanced diet containing a variety of foods. This includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, and proteins. Some populations may need dietary supplements to meet their micronutrient needs due to health conditions, dietary restrictions, or limited access to a variety of foods.

Micronutrient Deficiency

Micronutrient deficiency, also known as hidden hunger, affects over two billion people worldwide. The most common deficiencies are Vitamin A, iron, iodine, and zinc. These deficiencies can lead to serious health problems, including impaired cognitive function, compromised immune system, blindness, and even death.

Conclusion

Micronutrients, though required in small amounts, are vital for health and development. Ensuring a balanced intake of vitamins and minerals through diet or supplementation can prevent deficiencies and contribute to overall well-being. This list is incomplete; you can help WikiMD by expanding it.