List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations

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List of Systemic Diseases with Ocular Manifestations[edit | edit source]

The eyes, often dubbed as the "windows to the soul," also serve as windows to systemic health. A myriad of systemic diseases manifest in the eyes, sometimes even before their typical systemic symptoms do. Recognizing these ocular signs can provide early clues for diagnosis, management, and understanding the progression of the underlying systemic condition.

Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]

Ocular manifestations are common symptoms of various systemic diseases. Recognizing these signs can aid in the diagnosis and management of the underlying condition. Below is a categorized list of systemic diseases that can present with ocular symptoms.

1 Systemic Allergic Diseases[edit | edit source]

Allergic reactions can manifest in the eyes, leading to conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis or uveitis. Examples include:

2 Skin and Mucous Membrane Diseases[edit | edit source]

Diseases affecting the skin and mucous membranes can also present with eye symptoms. Examples include:

3 Phacomatoses[edit | edit source]

These are a group of syndromic diseases that can manifest with both systemic and ocular symptoms. Examples are:

4 Collagen Diseases[edit | edit source]

Collagen diseases often have ocular manifestations due to their inflammatory nature. Examples include:

5 Systemic Viral Infections[edit | edit source]

Ocular symptoms can occur in various viral infections. Examples include:

6 Systemic Bacterial Infections[edit | edit source]

Bacterial infections can sometimes cause ocular symptoms. Examples are:

7 Systemic Protozoal Infections[edit | edit source]

Ocular manifestations can be indicative of protozoal infections. Examples include:

8 Systemic Fungal Infections[edit | edit source]

Certain fungal infections have the potential to affect the eyes. Examples are:

9 Systemic Cestode and Nematode Infections[edit | edit source]

Helminth infections might present with ocular symptoms. Examples include:

10 Chromosomal Disorders and Genetic Syndromes[edit | edit source]

Certain genetic conditions can have ocular manifestations. Examples are:

11 Hematologic Diseases[edit | edit source]

Diseases of the blood often have ocular indicators. Examples include:

12 Cardiovascular Diseases[edit | edit source]

Diseases of the heart and circulatory system can affect the eyes. Examples are:

13 Endocrine Diseases[edit | edit source]

Ocular symptoms can arise from hormonal imbalances. Examples include:

14 Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders[edit | edit source]

Eye problems might indicate GI or nutritional disorders. Examples include:

15 Metabolic Disorders[edit | edit source]

Disorders of metabolism can manifest in the eyes. Examples are:

16 Musculoskeletal Disease[edit | edit source]

Musculoskeletal conditions might present with ocular symptoms. Examples include:

17 Pulmonary Diseases[edit | edit source]

Lung conditions can sometimes cause ocular symptoms. Examples are:

18 Renal Disease[edit | edit source]

Kidney diseases can affect the eyes. Examples include:

19 Neoplastic Diseases with Ocular Metastases[edit | edit source]

Certain cancers metastasize to the eyes. Examples are:

List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations Resources

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD