Lithuanians

Lithuania in the map of Pietro Vesconte, 1321

Baltic Tribes c 1200

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1712. Samogitie et Lithuanie Propre, Grand Duché de Lithuanie

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Etnoregionai

PLOS 3

Lithuanians are a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania, where they number around 2.8 million people. Additionally, significant populations of Lithuanians are found in other countries, including the United States, Brazil, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and others, contributing to a global Lithuanian diaspora. Lithuanians speak the Lithuanian language, one of the oldest languages in the world today that still retains features of Proto-Indo-European.

History

The history of the Lithuanian people stretches back to at least the 9th century AD, with the first known record in 1009 in the Quedlinburg Chronicle. Throughout the centuries, Lithuanians formed various tribal entities and later established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which became one of the largest countries in Europe in the 14th century through a union with Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. This state played a significant role in European history before being partitioned in the late 18th century, with Lithuania falling under Russian control.

Following World War I, Lithuania regained independence in 1918, only to be occupied by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany during World War II. After the war, it became a Soviet Socialist Republic until regaining independence in 1990 with the fall of the Soviet Union. Since then, Lithuania has developed a robust democratic system and joined various international organizations, including the European Union and NATO.

Culture

Lithuanian culture is a blend of indigenous traditions and foreign influences, particularly from Poland, Russia, and Germany. It is rich in folklore, music, and art. The Dainų šventė (Song Festival) is a notable event, showcasing traditional Lithuanian songs, dances, and music, recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Lithuanian cuisine is typically hearty, featuring potatoes, rye, beetroot, dairy products, and meat. Traditional dishes include cepelinai (potato dumplings stuffed with meat or curd), šaltibarščiai (cold beet soup), and kugelis (a potato pudding).

Religion

The majority of Lithuanians are Roman Catholic, with Catholicism playing a significant role in Lithuanian identity and public life. There are also smaller communities of Lutherans, Russian Orthodox, and others.

Language

The Lithuanian language is part of the Baltic language group and is closely related to Latvian, though the two are not mutually intelligible. Lithuanian is distinguished by its conservative retention of Proto-Indo-European features not found in other Indo-European languages.

Demographics

As of the latest census, Lithuania has a population of approximately 2.8 million people, with a significant number of Lithuanians living abroad. The Lithuanian diaspora is widespread, with large communities in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia.

Notable Lithuanians

Throughout history, many Lithuanians have gained international recognition in various fields. Notable individuals include Jonas Salkauskas (scientist), Czesław Miłosz (Nobel Prize-winning poet), and Arvydas Sabonis (professional basketball player).

See also

• History of Lithuania
• Geography of Lithuania
• Politics of Lithuania
• Economy of Lithuania