Lower respiratory tract infection
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| Lower respiratory tract infection | |
|---|---|
| File:Depiction of a person with a lung or lower respiratory tract infection.png | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cough, fever, shortness of breath, chest pain |
| Complications | Respiratory failure, sepsis, lung abscess |
| Onset | Rapid |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Bacteria, viruses, fungi |
| Risks | Smoking, immunosuppression, chronic lung disease |
| Diagnosis | Chest X-ray, sputum culture, blood tests |
| Differential diagnosis | Upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, pulmonary embolism |
| Prevention | Vaccination, hand hygiene, smoking cessation |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, antiviral drugs, supportive care |
| Medication | Amoxicillin, oseltamivir, corticosteroids |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, but varies |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | Significant worldwide, especially in vulnerable populations |
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a term often used to describe infections that affect the components of the respiratory system located below the level of the larynx. This includes the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. LRTIs are typically more serious than upper respiratory tract infections, as they can lead to conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and tuberculosis.
Causes[edit]
LRTIs are usually caused by viruses, but they can also be caused by bacterial infections. The most common viral causes are influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus. Bacterial causes often include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of LRTIs can vary depending on the specific infection, but they often include a persistent cough, difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest pain, and fever. In severe cases, symptoms may also include rapid breathing, bluish skin color, and confusion.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of LRTIs typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. In some cases, additional tests such as a chest X-ray, sputum culture, or blood test may be required.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for LRTIs depends on the cause of the infection. Viral infections are usually treated with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to manage symptoms. Bacterial infections may require antibiotics. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of LRTIs involves maintaining a healthy immune system through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. Vaccinations against certain types of pneumonia and influenza can also help prevent these infections.
See also[edit]
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