Lung disease

Lung disease refers to disorders that affect the lungs, the organs that allow us to breathe. Lung disease is a broad term that encompasses many different conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia.

Types of Lung Disease

Lung diseases can be classified into three main categories:

Airway Diseases

These diseases affect the tubes (airways) that carry oxygen and other gases into and out of the lungs. They usually cause a narrowing or blockage of the airways. Examples include:

• Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Bronchiectasis

Lung Tissue Diseases

These diseases affect the structure of the lung tissue. Scarring or inflammation of the tissue makes it difficult for the lungs to expand fully (restrictive lung disease). Examples include:

• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Sarcoidosis

Lung Circulation Diseases

These diseases affect the blood vessels in the lungs. They are caused by clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels. Examples include:

• Pulmonary hypertension
• Pulmonary embolism

Symptoms

Common symptoms of lung disease include:

• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Chest pain
• Fatigue

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lung disease typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history
• Physical examination
• Pulmonary function test
• Imaging studies such as chest X-ray and CT scan
• Blood tests
• Biopsy

Treatment

Treatment varies depending on the type and severity of the lung disease. Common treatments include:

• Medications such as bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics
• Oxygen therapy
• Pulmonary rehabilitation
• Surgery in severe cases, such as lung transplant

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Avoiding smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke
• Reducing exposure to environmental pollutants
• Getting vaccinated against respiratory infections
• Regular exercise and a healthy diet

Related Pages

• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Lung cancer
• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Pulmonary embolism