MT-TG

MT-TG is a gene that in humans is encoded by the MT-TG mRNA. This gene is a member of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which is a small circular genome located within the mitochondria. MT-TG specifically encodes for the mitochondrial tRNA for the amino acid glycine.

Function

The MT-TG gene is crucial for the protein synthesis within the mitochondria. The tRNA that it encodes for, is responsible for adding the amino acid glycine during the translation process of protein synthesis. Glycine is a simple, nonessential amino acid, although experimental animals show reduced growth on low-glycine diets. The body uses it in the synthesis of proteins.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the MT-TG gene have been associated with mitochondrial disorders. These are a group of disorders that are related to the dysfunction of the mitochondria. They often involve multiple organ systems. The symptoms and severity can vary widely, from mild to life-threatening.

One such disorder is Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). This is a condition that affects many of the body's systems, particularly the brain and nervous system (encephalo-) and muscles (myopathy). Mutations in the MT-TG gene have been found in some people with MELAS.

See also

• Mitochondrial DNA
• Mitochondrial disease
• MELAS
• tRNA
• Glycine