Maleic anhydride

Maleic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula C₄H₂O₃. It is a colorless or white solid with a strong acrid odor. Maleic anhydride is produced industrially on a large scale. It is a key intermediate in the production of various polymers, resins, and chemicals.

Production

Maleic anhydride is primarily produced by the oxidation of benzene or butane. The butane process is more prevalent due to its lower cost and the high purity of the product. In the butane oxidation process, butane is mixed with air and passed over a vanadium-based catalyst at high temperatures, resulting in the formation of maleic anhydride along with water and carbon dioxide as byproducts.

Uses

Maleic anhydride is used in the manufacture of a wide range of products. It is a key ingredient in the production of unsaturated polyester resins (UPR), which are used in fiberglass reinforced plastics, automotive parts, and marine and construction materials. It also serves as a precursor to fumaric acid and tartaric acid, as well as various other chemicals used in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Additionally, maleic anhydride is used in the production of lubricant additives, surfactants, and plasticizers.

Health and Safety

Exposure to maleic anhydride can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, nose, and throat. Inhaling high concentrations can lead to respiratory issues. It is important to handle maleic anhydride with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensuring adequate ventilation in areas where it is used or stored.

Environmental Impact

Maleic anhydride can contribute to environmental pollution if not managed properly. It is important to follow regulations and guidelines for the disposal and treatment of waste materials containing maleic anhydride to minimize its impact on the environment.

See Also

• Polymerization
• Catalysis
• Organic synthesis