Malignant pilomatricoma
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| Malignant pilomatricoma | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Pilomatrix carcinoma, Calcifying epitheliocarcinoma of Malherbe |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Skin nodule, ulceration, rapid growth |
| Complications | Metastasis, local recurrence |
| Onset | Typically in adults |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly related to genetic mutations |
| Risks | History of pilomatricoma, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, histopathology |
| Differential diagnosis | Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgical excision, radiation therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on stage and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Malignant pilomatricoma, also known as pilomatrix carcinoma, is a rare type of skin tumor that originates from the hair matrix cells. It is considered the malignant counterpart of the more common benign pilomatricoma.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Malignant pilomatricoma arises from the hair follicle matrix cells, which are responsible for the formation of hair shafts. These tumors are characterized by atypical cell proliferation and can invade surrounding tissues. Unlike benign pilomatricomas, malignant pilomatricomas have the potential to metastasize, although this is uncommon.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with malignant pilomatricoma typically present with a firm, nodular mass on the skin. These tumors are most commonly found on the head, neck, and upper extremities. The overlying skin may appear normal or may show signs of ulceration.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of malignant pilomatricoma is primarily based on histological examination. A biopsy of the lesion reveals atypical basaloid cells, areas of necrosis, and infiltrative growth patterns. Immunohistochemical staining can aid in differentiating malignant pilomatricoma from other skin tumors.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for malignant pilomatricoma is surgical excision with clear margins. Due to the potential for local recurrence and metastasis, wide local excision is often recommended. In some cases, adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with malignant pilomatricoma depends on the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Early detection and complete surgical excision are associated with a favorable outcome. However, the risk of recurrence and metastasis necessitates long-term follow-up.
