Marasmiellus cocophilus

Marasmiellus cocophilus is a species of fungus in the family Marasmiaceae. It is a phytopathogen that primarily affects coconut trees, causing a disease known as Red Ring Disease (RRD).

Taxonomy

The species was first described scientifically in 1913 by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill. The genus name Marasmiellus is derived from the Greek marasmius, meaning "withering" or "decaying", which refers to the ability of these fungi to shrivel and revive with the availability of water. The species name cocophilus is derived from the Latin coco, meaning "coconut", and philus, meaning "loving", indicating its preference for coconut trees.

Description

Marasmiellus cocophilus is a small, white fungus. The cap is typically 1–2 cm in diameter, and the stipe is slender and wiry. The gills are white and closely spaced. The spores are smooth, elliptical, and hyaline.

Distribution and habitat

Marasmiellus cocophilus is found in tropical regions worldwide, particularly in areas where coconut trees are cultivated. It is a common pathogen in the Caribbean, South America, and parts of Asia and Africa.

Pathogenicity

Marasmiellus cocophilus is the causal agent of Red Ring Disease in coconut trees. The fungus invades the tree's vascular system, causing a characteristic red discoloration of the inner tissues. Infected trees often exhibit reduced growth, yellowing leaves, and premature nut fall. In severe cases, the disease can lead to the death of the tree.

Management

Control of Red Ring Disease involves the use of fungicides and cultural practices such as the removal of infected trees and the maintenance of optimal growing conditions to boost tree health. Biological control using nematodes has also been explored.

See also

• List of Marasmiellus species
• List of coconut diseases