Massive perivillous fibrin deposition

Massive perivillous fibrin deposition
Synonyms	Maternal floor infarction
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Intrauterine growth restriction, Stillbirth, Recurrent miscarriage
Complications	Fetal death, Placental insufficiency
Onset	Pregnancy
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly immune-mediated
Risks	Previous pregnancy complications, Autoimmune disorders
Diagnosis	Histopathology of the placenta
Differential diagnosis	Placental abruption, Chorioamnionitis
Prevention	None known
Treatment	Close monitoring, Aspirin therapy, Heparin therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and management
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Massive Perivillous Fibrin Deposition (MPFD) is a rare placental disorder characterized by the extensive accumulation of fibrin on the chorionic villi of the placenta. This condition is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, and recurrent miscarriage.

Etiology

The exact cause of MPFD is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with maternal autoimmune disorders, thrombophilia, and infections. Some studies suggest that MPFD may be a response to maternal-fetal immune conflict.

Pathophysiology

In MPFD, there is an excessive deposition of fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting, on the chorionic villi of the placenta. This leads to impaired maternal-fetal circulation, resulting in reduced nutrient and oxygen supply to the fetus. The condition can lead to fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, or recurrent miscarriage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MPFD is usually made postpartum by histopathological examination of the placenta. Prenatal diagnosis is challenging due to the lack of specific clinical features and imaging findings.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for MPFD. Management is usually supportive and aimed at addressing the associated complications. In some cases, anticoagulant therapy may be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis of MPFD is generally poor, with a high rate of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. However, with close monitoring and appropriate management, some women with MPFD may have successful pregnancies.

See also

• Placenta
• Fibrin
• Chorionic villi
• Autoimmune disorders
• Thrombophilia
• Infections