Meckel diverticulum

Meckel's Diverticulum is a congenital anomaly that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a true diverticulum, meaning it contains all layers of the intestinal wall, and is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Anatomy

Meckel's Diverticulum is located on the anti-mesenteric border of the ileum, usually about 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve. It is a remnant of the vitelline duct, which normally obliterates during the 5th to 7th week of gestation. Failure of this duct to obliterate results in the formation of Meckel's Diverticulum.

Epidemiology

Meckel's Diverticulum is present in approximately 2% of the population. It is more common in males than females, and symptoms usually present before the age of 10.

Clinical Presentation

Most individuals with Meckel's Diverticulum are asymptomatic. However, complications can occur and may present as gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, or diverticulitis. Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complication in children, while intestinal obstruction and diverticulitis are more common in adults.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Meckel's Diverticulum can be challenging due to its nonspecific presentation. The Meckel's scan, also known as a technetium-99m pertechnetate scan, is the most sensitive diagnostic test. Other diagnostic modalities include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Treatment

The treatment of Meckel's Diverticulum depends on the patient's age, symptoms, and complications. Asymptomatic diverticula in children are usually resected due to the high risk of complications. In adults, asymptomatic diverticula may be managed conservatively or surgically, depending on the clinical scenario.

Prognosis

The prognosis of Meckel's Diverticulum is generally good, especially when diagnosed and treated early. However, complications can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

See Also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Ileum
• Vitelline duct
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Intestinal obstruction
• Diverticulitis
• Meckel's scan
• Ultrasound
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)