Mediastinal mass

Mediastinal Mass

A mediastinal mass is a growth or tumor located in the mediastinum, the central area of the thoracic cavity that separates the lungs. These masses can be benign or malignant and can originate from various structures within the mediastinum, including the thymus, lymph nodes, heart, aorta, esophagus, and nerves.

Causes

The causes of a mediastinal mass can vary depending on the specific location within the mediastinum. Anterior mediastinal masses are often caused by thymomas, lymphoma, or germ cell tumors. Middle mediastinal masses can be caused by lymphadenopathy, bronchogenic cysts, or pericardial cysts. Posterior mediastinal masses are often caused by neurogenic tumors, esophageal tumors, or enteric cysts.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a mediastinal mass can vary depending on the size and location of the mass. Some individuals may not experience any symptoms, while others may experience chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, or difficulty swallowing. In some cases, a mediastinal mass can cause superior vena cava syndrome, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a mediastinal mass typically involves imaging studies such as a chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. In some cases, a biopsy may be needed to determine the type of mass and whether it is benign or malignant.

Treatment

Treatment for a mediastinal mass depends on the type and location of the mass, as well as the individual's overall health. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the mass, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

See also

• Thymoma
• Lymphoma
• Germ cell tumor
• Bronchogenic cyst
• Pericardial cyst
• Neurogenic tumor
• Enteric cyst
• Superior vena cava syndrome

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