Medical education in the United States

Medical education in the United States encompasses the educational activities involved in the preparation of individuals to become medical professionals. This includes education for doctors, nurses, and other allied health professionals. The pathway to becoming a physician is a long and rigorous process, starting with undergraduate premedical education and continuing through graduate medical education, which encompasses both residency and fellowship training.

Wake Forest School of Medicine - Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education

Premedical Education

Prospective doctors typically start their journey with an undergraduate degree, often in a science-related field. While a specific "pre-med" major isn't necessary, students are usually required to complete prerequisite courses in:

• Biology
• Chemistry
• Physics
• Mathematics
• Humanities

Medical School

Upon completing their undergraduate education, aspiring doctors apply to medical school. The medical school curriculum in the U.S. is typically four years:

• Years 1 & 2: Basic sciences, such as anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology.
• Years 3 & 4: Clinical rotations in different specialties, allowing students to gain hands-on experience.

Upon graduation, students are conferred the Doctor of Medicine (MD) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degrees.

Residency and Fellowship

• Residency: After medical school, physicians enter residency programs to gain specialized training in specific fields like internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, etc. Duration varies from 3 to 7 years based on the specialty.
• Fellowship: Physicians desiring further specialization after residency can pursue fellowships in areas such as cardiology, gastroenterology, or cosmetic surgery.

Education for Allied Health Professionals

Medical education is not restricted to doctors. Allied health professionals like nurses, physical therapists, and physician assistants also undergo rigorous training:

• Nursing: From licensed practical nurses (LPNs) to nurse practitioners (NPs), there's a range of nursing degrees and certifications.
• Physical Therapy: PTs usually hold a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree.
• Physician Assistants: PAs complete a master's program and work under the supervision of a physician.

Licensing and Continuing Education

Upon completing their respective educational pathways, all medical professionals must obtain licenses to practice in the U.S. This usually requires passing a series of exams. Moreover, to ensure that healthcare providers remain updated with the latest in medical science, continuing education is often mandated for license renewal.

See also

• Medical Education
• Residency
• Allied health professions