Medical use of nitroglycerin

Medical Use of Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator that has been used in the medical field for over a century. It was first discovered in 1847 by Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero, but its medicinal properties were not recognized until 1878 when William Murrell began using it to treat angina pectoris.

Mechanism of Action

Nitroglycerin works by releasing nitric oxide (NO), a gas that signals the smooth muscle in blood vessels to relax, thereby dilating the vessels and increasing blood flow. This mechanism of action is particularly beneficial in conditions such as angina, where the heart's demand for oxygen exceeds the supply.

Medical Applications

Angina Pectoris

Nitroglycerin is most commonly used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart. By dilating the coronary arteries, nitroglycerin increases the supply of oxygen to the heart, thereby relieving the symptoms of angina.

Heart Failure

In addition to angina, nitroglycerin is also used in the management of heart failure. It reduces the workload of the heart by decreasing venous return (preload) and arterial resistance (afterload).

Anal Fissures

Topical nitroglycerin is used in the treatment of anal fissures. It relaxes the anal sphincter, reducing pain and promoting healing.

Side Effects

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include headache, dizziness, and hypotension. In rare cases, it can cause severe hypotension and reflex tachycardia.

Contraindications

Nitroglycerin should not be used in patients with severe anemia, closed-angle glaucoma, or those who are taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors.

See Also

• Vasodilator
• Angina Pectoris
• Heart Failure
• Anal Fissures