Nitroglycerin (medication)

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Nitroglycerin (medication)[edit | edit source]

File:Nitroglycerin structure.svg
Chemical structure of Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly used for the treatment of angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It belongs to a class of drugs known as nitrates and is available in various forms, including tablets, sprays, and patches.

Chemical Structure[edit | edit source]

Nitroglycerin, also known as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), has a chemical formula of C3H5N3O9. It is an organic nitrate compound that consists of three nitrate groups attached to a glycerol backbone. The chemical structure of nitroglycerin is shown in the image on the right.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Nitroglycerin works by relaxing and dilating the blood vessels, primarily the veins, which leads to a decrease in venous return to the heart. This reduces the workload on the heart and improves blood flow to the coronary arteries, thereby relieving angina symptoms.

Medical Uses[edit | edit source]

Nitroglycerin is primarily used for the management of angina pectoris. It is available in different formulations, each with its own specific indications:

- Sublingual tablets: These tablets are placed under the tongue and rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. They are used to provide immediate relief during an angina attack.

- Sprays: Nitroglycerin sprays are administered by spraying the medication onto or under the tongue. They are also used for the acute relief of angina symptoms.

- Transdermal patches: These patches are applied to the skin and release a controlled amount of nitroglycerin over a 24-hour period. They are used for the prevention of angina episodes.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Common side effects of nitroglycerin may include headache, dizziness, flushing, and low blood pressure. These side effects are usually mild and transient. However, if severe or persistent, it is important to seek medical attention.

Precautions[edit | edit source]

Certain precautions should be taken when using nitroglycerin:

- Nitroglycerin should not be used in patients who have recently taken phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (such as sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil) for erectile dysfunction, as the combination can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure.

- Nitroglycerin should be used with caution in patients with low blood pressure, hypovolemia, or those who have recently suffered a heart attack or stroke.

- Nitroglycerin may interact with other medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Nitroglycerin is a widely used medication for the treatment of angina pectoris. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart, and relieving angina symptoms. However, it is important to use nitroglycerin as directed by a healthcare professional and to be aware of its potential side effects and precautions. If you have any concerns or questions about nitroglycerin, consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Nitroglycerin (medication) Resources

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD