Meningeal carcinomatosis

Meningeal Carcinomatosis is a rare complication of cancer, characterized by the infiltration of the meninges by malignant cells. It is also known as Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis or Neoplastic Meningitis.

Etiology

Meningeal Carcinomatosis can occur in a variety of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and leukemia. It is thought to occur when cancer cells metastasize to the central nervous system (CNS) and infiltrate the meninges.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Meningeal Carcinomatosis can vary widely, depending on the area of the CNS affected. Common symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental status. Neurological deficits such as weakness, numbness, and seizures may also occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Meningeal Carcinomatosis is often challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms. It is typically confirmed through a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The MRI may show enhancement of the meninges, while the CSF analysis may reveal malignant cells.

Treatment

Treatment of Meningeal Carcinomatosis is primarily palliative, aimed at relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. This may involve the use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling, as well as radiation therapy to target the cancer cells. In some cases, chemotherapy may be administered directly into the CSF.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Meningeal Carcinomatosis is generally poor, with a median survival time of 4-6 weeks without treatment. However, with aggressive treatment, survival can be extended to several months.

See Also

• Cancer
• Metastasis
• Central nervous system
• Meninges