Mikulicz disease

Mikulicz disease is a chronic condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of glands in the head and neck, particularly the salivary glands and lacrimal glands. It was first described by the Polish surgeon Johannes von Mikulicz-Radecki in 1892. The disease is often associated with other disorders, such as Sjögren's syndrome, lymphoma, and tuberculosis.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of Mikulicz disease include persistent swelling of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). Other symptoms may include fever, fatigue, and weight loss. In some cases, the disease can also affect other glands in the body, leading to additional symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause of Mikulicz disease is unknown. However, it is believed to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. Some researchers suggest that a viral or bacterial infection may trigger the immune response, but this theory has not been definitively proven.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Mikulicz disease is based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be used to assess the size and condition of the glands. In some cases, a biopsy of the affected gland may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for Mikulicz disease primarily involves managing the symptoms. This may include artificial tears for dry eyes, mouth moisturizers for dry mouth, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and inflammation. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected glands.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Mikulicz disease varies. Some people may experience only mild symptoms and require minimal treatment, while others may have severe symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life. In rare cases, the disease can lead to serious complications, such as lymphoma.

See also

• Sjögren's syndrome
• Salivary gland diseases
• Autoimmune diseases

NIH genetic and rare disease info

• NIH info on Mikulicz disease

Mikulicz disease is a rare disease.