Morton's toe

Morton's toe is a condition characterized by the second toe being longer than the first toe (the big toe). This anatomical variation is named after Dr. Dudley J. Morton, who extensively studied and wrote about the implications of this foot structure in the early 20th century. While often considered a cosmetic difference, Morton's toe can influence foot mechanics and lead to various foot-related issues.

Causes and Prevalence

Morton's toe results from the relative lengths of the metatarsal bones in the foot. In individuals with this condition, the first metatarsal bone is shorter relative to the second metatarsal. This difference in bone length causes the second toe to protrude further than the big toe. The prevalence of Morton's toe varies among different populations and is believed to have a genetic component, suggesting heritability.

Symptoms and Complications

Many people with Morton's toe experience no symptoms. However, the altered foot mechanics can lead to an uneven distribution of pressure across the foot, which may result in discomfort or pain, particularly when standing, walking, or wearing certain types of footwear. Common complications associated with Morton's toe include calluses, metatarsalgia, and an increased risk of hammer toes and bunions. The condition can also affect posture and gait, potentially leading to pain in the ankles, knees, hips, and back.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Morton's toe is primarily based on physical examination of the foot structure. Medical imaging, such as X-rays, can be used to assess the relative lengths of the metatarsal bones and to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment for Morton's toe focuses on relieving symptoms and improving foot function. Conservative approaches include wearing properly fitting shoes with a wide toe box and adequate arch support, using orthotic devices to redistribute pressure, and engaging in exercises to strengthen the foot muscles. In severe cases, or when conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgical intervention may be considered to correct the bone length discrepancy.

Prevention

Preventive measures for Morton's toe-related complications primarily involve choosing appropriate footwear. Shoes that provide sufficient room for the toes, offer good support, and avoid excessive pressure on the forefoot can help minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of developing secondary foot conditions.

See Also

• Foot anatomy
• Metatarsalgia
• Hammer toe
• Bunions