Opioid withdrawal
(Redirected from Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome)
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
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| Opioid withdrawal | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Anxiety, muscle pain, insomnia, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, yawning |
| Complications | Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, relapse |
| Onset | Within hours to days after last opioid use |
| Duration | Typically 5 to 10 days |
| Types | Acute withdrawal, protracted withdrawal |
| Causes | Cessation of opioid use after dependence |
| Risks | Long-term opioid use, high-dose opioid use |
| Diagnosis | Based on clinical presentation and history of opioid use |
| Differential diagnosis | Other substance withdrawal, anxiety disorders, gastroenteritis |
| Prevention | Gradual tapering of opioids, medication-assisted treatment |
| Treatment | Supportive care, medications such as buprenorphine, methadone, clonidine |
| Medication | Buprenorphine, methadone, clonidine |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, risk of relapse |
| Frequency | Common among individuals with opioid use disorder |
| Deaths | N/A |
Opioid withdrawal is a severe physical condition caused by the abrupt cessation or reduction of prolonged use of opioids. Opioids are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone (OxyContin®), hydrocodone (Vicodin®), codeine, morphine, and many others.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
Opioid withdrawal symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Restlessness
- Lacrimation (tearing) or rhinorrhea (runny nose)
- Yawning
- Perspiration or gooseflesh
- Dilated pupils
- Sleep difficulties
- Increased heart rate
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Bone or joint aches
- Mental health problems such as depression or anxiety
Causes[edit | edit source]
Opioid withdrawal is caused by the sudden cessation or reduction of prolonged use of opioids. The body becomes used to having opioids in the system, so when the drugs are no longer present, withdrawal symptoms can start.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for opioid withdrawal includes medications and support. Medications can help to reduce the physical symptoms of withdrawal. Supportive care can help a person to cope with the physical discomfort and intense craving that characterize withdrawal.
Gallery[edit | edit source]
Clonidine pills and patch
Butrans 10 mcg
Buprenorphine naloxone Tablets Bottle
Mesolimbic pathway
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
