Neuromedin U

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Neuromedin U (NMU) is a neuropeptide that was first isolated from porcine spinal cord and named for its potent uterus-contracting activity. It is a highly conserved neuropeptide, found in a wide range of species from humans to fish. Neuromedin U has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes, including the regulation of energy homeostasis, feeding behavior, and pain perception.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Neuromedin U is a small peptide, typically consisting of 25-50 amino acids, depending on the species. The human form of Neuromedin U is a 25-amino acid peptide. The C-terminal end of the peptide is highly conserved across species, suggesting that this region is critical for its biological activity.

Function[edit | edit source]

Neuromedin U is widely distributed in the body, with high levels found in the gastrointestinal tract, pituitary gland, and central nervous system. It acts by binding to its receptors, Neuromedin U receptor 1 (NMUR1) and Neuromedin U receptor 2 (NMUR2), which are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family.

In the central nervous system, Neuromedin U is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. It has been shown to suppress food intake and increase energy expenditure, suggesting a role in the regulation of body weight.

In the gastrointestinal tract, Neuromedin U stimulates smooth muscle contraction, particularly in the uterus and gastrointestinal tract. It also stimulates the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction.

In addition, Neuromedin U has been implicated in the regulation of pain perception. Studies have shown that it can induce pain responses when administered centrally or peripherally.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Given its role in regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis, Neuromedin U has been investigated as a potential target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In addition, its role in pain perception suggests potential applications in the treatment of chronic pain conditions.

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