Nitrochlorobenzene

Nitrochlorobenzene is an organic compound that is widely used in the chemical industry. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sweet, musty odor. Nitrochlorobenzene is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

Chemical Properties

Nitrochlorobenzene (C6H4ClNO2) is a derivative of benzene, with a nitro group (NO2) and a chlorine atom attached to the benzene ring. It has a molecular weight of 157.56 g/mol. It is slightly soluble in water and is more dense than water. It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and can react with alkali.

Production

Nitrochlorobenzene is produced by nitration of chlorobenzene. The process involves the reaction of chlorobenzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid at elevated temperature. The reaction produces a mixture of ortho and para isomers, with the para isomer being the major product.

Uses

The primary use of nitrochlorobenzene is as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. It is used in the manufacture of aniline, which is a precursor to many dyes and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production of rubber chemicals, agricultural chemicals, and lubricant additives.

Health Effects

Exposure to nitrochlorobenzene can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It can also cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, damage to the liver and kidneys. Long-term exposure can lead to anemia and other blood disorders.

Environmental Impact

Nitrochlorobenzene is toxic to aquatic life and can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. It is not readily biodegradable and can accumulate in the environment.

Safety Measures

Proper safety measures should be taken while handling nitrochlorobenzene. This includes the use of personal protective equipment such as gloves and eye protection, and adequate ventilation in the workplace.

See Also

• Benzene
• Chlorobenzene
• Nitration
• Aniline