Nobel laureate

Nobel laureate is a term used to refer to a person or organization that has been awarded the Nobel Prize, a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances. The will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901.

History

The Nobel Prize was established in the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist, inventor, scientist and philanthropist who is best known as the inventor of dynamite. He left his entire estate to establish the annual prizes, which has been awarded since 1901. The Nobel laureates are selected by various committees: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences selects the laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and Economic Sciences; the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute chooses the laureates in Physiology or Medicine; the Swedish Academy chooses Literature laureates; and the Nobel Peace Prize laureates are chosen by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.

Categories

The Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. The Economic Sciences category was added later, in memory of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel laureates receive a medal, a diploma and a cash award that varies each year.

Notable laureates

Some of the most notable laureates include Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911; Martin Luther King Jr., who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964; and Albert Einstein, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

See also

• List of Nobel laureates
• Nobel Prize controversies

Nobel laureate Resources
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