Nordihydroguaiaretic acid

NDGA

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). It is known for its antioxidant properties and has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various medical conditions.

Chemical Structure and Properties

NDGA is a lignan, a type of polyphenolic compound, characterized by its two phenylpropane units. Its chemical formula is C18H22O4, and it has a molecular weight of 302.36 g/mol. The compound is known for its ability to inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes, which play a role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid.

Biological Activities

NDGA exhibits a range of biological activities, including:

• **Antioxidant Activity**: NDGA is a potent antioxidant, capable of scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress.
• **Anti-inflammatory Effects**: By inhibiting lipoxygenase enzymes, NDGA reduces the production of leukotrienes, which are involved in inflammatory responses.
• **Anticancer Properties**: Studies have shown that NDGA can inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer.
• **Antiviral Activity**: NDGA has been found to inhibit the replication of certain viruses, including HIV and herpes simplex virus.

Medical Applications

NDGA has been investigated for its potential use in treating several medical conditions:

• **Cancer**: Due to its ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, NDGA is being studied as a potential anticancer agent.
• **Diabetes**: NDGA has shown promise in improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose levels in animal models of diabetes.
• **Neurodegenerative Diseases**: The antioxidant properties of NDGA may help protect against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Safety and Toxicity

While NDGA has demonstrated various beneficial effects, its safety profile is still under investigation. High doses of NDGA have been associated with potential toxicity, including liver and kidney damage. Therefore, further research is needed to determine the safe and effective dosage for therapeutic use.

Related Pages

• Phenolic compound
• Creosote bush
• Lipoxygenase
• Arachidonic acid
• Antioxidant
• Leukotriene
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Neurodegenerative disease