Occlusal trauma

Occlusal trauma is a pathological condition involving the tissues that surround and support the teeth (the periodontium), resulting from excessive biting forces exerted by the teeth when they come together (occlude). These forces can be caused by either the presence of high spots on filled or crowned teeth, or the misalignment of teeth within the dental arch.

Causes

The primary cause of occlusal trauma is the misalignment of the teeth, also known as malocclusion. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, including genetics, the premature loss of baby teeth, and habits such as thumb sucking. Other causes include the presence of high spots on filled or crowned teeth, which can create uneven pressure on the teeth and gums when biting or chewing.

Symptoms

Symptoms of occlusal trauma can vary, but often include tooth sensitivity, tooth mobility, and discomfort or pain when biting or chewing. Other symptoms may include receding gums, the deepening of pockets around the teeth, and the loosening or loss of teeth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of occlusal trauma is typically made through a combination of clinical examination and dental radiographs. The dentist may also use a special type of paper to identify high spots on the teeth.

Treatment

Treatment for occlusal trauma typically involves adjusting the bite to evenly distribute the forces exerted when the teeth come together. This can be achieved through a variety of methods, including reshaping the biting surfaces of the teeth, orthodontics, or the replacement of old fillings or crowns.

Prevention

Prevention of occlusal trauma can be achieved through regular dental check-ups, which can identify early signs of the condition. Additionally, maintaining good oral hygiene and avoiding habits that can lead to malocclusion, such as thumb sucking, can also help prevent occlusal trauma.

See also

• Periodontal disease
• Malocclusion
• Orthodontics