Oesophagitis

Oesophagitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the oesophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including acid reflux, infections, and certain medications. Symptoms typically include difficulty swallowing, heartburn, and chest pain.

Causes

The most common cause of oesophagitis is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which stomach acid backs up into the oesophagus. Other causes can include infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems, and certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and bisphosphonates.

Symptoms

Symptoms of oesophagitis can vary depending on the cause, but typically include difficulty swallowing, heartburn, and chest pain. Other symptoms can include a feeling of food stuck in the throat, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of oesophagitis typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Additional tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis, such as an endoscopy, in which a thin tube with a camera is inserted down the throat to examine the oesophagus, or a barium swallow, in which the patient swallows a liquid that coats the oesophagus and shows up on X-rays.

Treatment

Treatment for oesophagitis depends on the underlying cause. For oesophagitis caused by GERD, treatment typically involves lifestyle changes, such as avoiding certain foods and drinks that can trigger acid reflux, and medications to reduce stomach acid. For oesophagitis caused by infections, treatment typically involves antibiotics or antiviral medications. In severe cases, surgery may be needed.

See also

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Barrett's oesophagus
• Oesophageal cancer

Oesophagitis Resources
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