Orbital pseudotumor

Orbital Pseudotumor

Orbital pseudotumor, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI), is a condition characterized by the inflammation of the tissues within the eye socket (orbit) without a known cause. This condition can mimic the symptoms of other more serious conditions such as thyroid eye disease, lymphoma, or infection, making accurate diagnosis crucial for effective treatment. Orbital pseudotumor can affect individuals of any age but is most commonly observed in adults.

Symptoms

The symptoms of orbital pseudotumor can vary depending on the specific tissues within the orbit that are affected. Common symptoms include:

• Eye pain
• Swelling of the eyelids
• Redness of the eye
• Diplopia (double vision)
• Proptosis (bulging of the eye)
• Decreased vision

Causes

The exact cause of orbital pseudotumor is unknown, which is why it is described as idiopathic. However, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in the orbit.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor involves a comprehensive eye examination and may include imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan to view the extent of inflammation and to rule out other conditions. A biopsy of the affected tissue may also be performed to aid in diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for orbital pseudotumor typically involves managing inflammation and may include:

• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Immunosuppressive drugs for cases resistant to corticosteroids
• Radiation therapy in severe cases

Prompt and effective treatment is essential to prevent complications such as vision loss.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with orbital pseudotumor is generally good with appropriate treatment. Most patients experience significant improvement in symptoms, although some may have recurrent episodes and require long-term therapy to manage the condition.

See Also

• Thyroid eye disease
• Lymphoma
• Autoimmune disease