P2X purinoreceptor

P2X purinoreceptor‏‎ is a type of purinergic receptor that is activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These receptors are found in a variety of tissues throughout the body, including the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, and immune system.

Structure

P2X purinoreceptor is a transmembrane protein that forms a trimeric ion channel. Each subunit of the trimer consists of two transmembrane domains, a large extracellular loop, and intracellular N and C termini. The extracellular loop contains ten conserved cysteine residues that are important for receptor function.

Function

P2X purinoreceptors are involved in a variety of physiological processes. They play a key role in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and neuroprotection. In the immune system, they are involved in the regulation of cytokine release and cell proliferation. In the cardiovascular system, they contribute to the regulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Clinical significance

Alterations in P2X purinoreceptor function have been implicated in a variety of pathological conditions, including neuropathic pain, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Therefore, these receptors are considered potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of these conditions.

See also

• P2Y receptor
• Purinergic signalling

References

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  Schematic diagram of P2X purinoreceptor subunit
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  Full structure of P2X purinoreceptor
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  Lymantriinae moth photographed by Kadavoor