Panner disease

Panner's disease is a rare, self-limiting condition that affects the elbow joint in children. It is characterized by osteochondrosis of the capitellum, a part of the elbow joint. The disease is named after Danish surgeon Julius Panner, who first described the condition in 1927.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

The exact cause of Panner's disease is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to repetitive trauma or overuse of the elbow joint, particularly in children who are involved in sports or activities that require frequent throwing or lifting. Some researchers also suggest that a temporary disruption in the blood supply to the capitellum may contribute to the development of the disease.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Children with Panner's disease typically present with pain and swelling in the elbow joint, which may be accompanied by a decrease in the range of motion. The pain is often exacerbated by physical activity and may cause the child to avoid using the affected arm. In some cases, a noticeable deformity of the elbow may be observed.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of Panner's disease is primarily based on the clinical presentation and imaging studies. X-ray examination of the elbow typically shows changes in the capitellum, such as fragmentation or flattening. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the disease.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

The treatment of Panner's disease is primarily conservative and aims to relieve symptoms and promote healing. This may involve rest, physical therapy, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for Panner's disease is generally good, with most children achieving a full recovery with appropriate treatment. However, some children may experience residual symptoms or develop long-term complications, such as osteoarthritis of the elbow.