Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma (STCL) is a rare type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that primarily affects the subcutaneous tissue, which is the layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the skin. This form of lymphoma is characterized by the presence of malignant T-cells in the subcutaneous tissue, leading to various clinical manifestations.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically present with nodules, plaques, or tumors in the subcutaneous tissue. These lesions can be painful and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue. The skin overlying the affected areas may appear normal or show signs of erythema and ulceration.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and histopathological examination. A biopsy of the affected tissue is essential for confirming the diagnosis. Histologically, STCL is characterized by the infiltration of atypical T-cells in the subcutaneous fat. Immunohistochemical staining and molecular studies are often performed to identify specific markers and genetic abnormalities associated with the disease.

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma includes other types of cutaneous lymphoma, panniculitis, and infectious diseases that can mimic the clinical presentation of STCL. It is important to distinguish STCL from these conditions to ensure appropriate treatment.

Treatment

The treatment of subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma typically involves a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the stage and extent of the disease, as well as the patient's overall health. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered for patients with advanced or refractory disease.

Prognosis

The prognosis of subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma varies depending on several factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's response to treatment, and the presence of systemic symptoms. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

See Also

• Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
• Lymphoma
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy