Peliosis hepatis
A rare vascular condition of the liver
Peliosis hepatis is a rare vascular condition characterized by the presence of multiple, randomly distributed, blood-filled cystic spaces within the liver. These spaces can vary in size and are not lined by endothelial cells, distinguishing them from other vascular lesions of the liver.
Pathophysiology[edit | edit source]
Peliosis hepatis involves the formation of blood-filled cavities within the liver parenchyma. The exact mechanism of formation is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with damage to the sinusoidal endothelial cells, leading to blood extravasation and cavity formation. The condition can be associated with various factors, including anabolic steroid use, tuberculosis, cancer, and certain medications such as azathioprine and oral contraceptives.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Patients with peliosis hepatis may be asymptomatic or present with non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, or signs of liver dysfunction. In some cases, peliosis hepatis can lead to serious complications such as liver failure, portal hypertension, or hemoperitoneum due to rupture of the blood-filled cavities.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of peliosis hepatis is often incidental, discovered during imaging studies or surgery for other conditions. Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI can reveal the presence of cystic lesions in the liver. Definitive diagnosis is usually made through liver biopsy, which shows the characteristic blood-filled spaces without endothelial lining.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of peliosis hepatis depends on the underlying cause. Discontinuation of causative medications or treatment of associated conditions can lead to resolution of the lesions. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to manage complications such as bleeding.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis of peliosis hepatis varies depending on the underlying cause and the presence of complications. In many cases, the condition is benign and resolves with appropriate management of the underlying cause. However, severe cases with complications can have a poor prognosis.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
