Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease
(Redirected from Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease)
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare, progressive, degenerative central nervous system disorder in which coordination, motor abilities, and intellectual function deteriorate. It is one of a group of genetic disorders known as leukodystrophies, which are characterized by the degeneration of myelin, the fatty covering that insulates nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord.
Classification[edit | edit source]
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease is classified into several types based on the severity and age of onset:
- Classic PMD: The most common form, presenting in early infancy.
- Connatal PMD: A more severe form, presenting at birth or shortly thereafter.
- Transitional PMD: Intermediate severity, with symptoms appearing in late infancy or early childhood.
- Adult PMD: A rare form with symptoms appearing in adulthood.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of PMD vary depending on the type but generally include:
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movement)
- Hypotonia (reduced muscle tone)
- Ataxia (lack of muscle coordination)
- Spasticity (stiff or rigid muscles)
- Delayed motor skills development
- Cognitive impairment
Genetics[edit | edit source]
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease is caused by mutations in the PLP1 gene located on the X chromosome. This gene is responsible for producing proteolipid protein 1, a critical component of myelin. PMD is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that males are more frequently affected, while females are typically carriers.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of PMD involves a combination of clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect abnormalities in the brain's white matter, and genetic testing to identify mutations in the PLP1 gene.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
There is currently no cure for Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and may include:
- Physical therapy to improve motor skills and muscle strength
- Occupational therapy to assist with daily activities
- Speech therapy to address communication difficulties
- Medications to manage spasticity and other symptoms
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with PMD varies depending on the type and severity of the disease. While some individuals may have a relatively stable course, others may experience significant deterioration in motor and cognitive functions.
Related Pages[edit | edit source]
- Leukodystrophy
- Myelin
- X-linked recessive inheritance
- PLP1 gene
- Nystagmus
- Hypotonia
- Ataxia
- Spasticity
Categories[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD