Pernio

Pernio (also known as Chilblains) is a medical condition that affects the skin when it is exposed to cold. It is characterized by inflammation of the small blood vessels in the skin, leading to redness, itching, blisters, and swelling. Pernio can affect anyone, but it is more common in people who have poor circulation or who live in cold climates.

Causes

The exact cause of pernio is unknown, but it is thought to be related to the body's response to cold. When the skin is exposed to cold, the blood vessels in the skin constrict to conserve heat. If the skin is then quickly rewarmed, the blood vessels may not be able to dilate quickly enough, leading to inflammation and the symptoms of pernio.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pernio typically appear within a few hours to a few days after exposure to cold. They can include:

• Redness
• Swelling
• Itching
• Blisters
• Pain
• Changes in skin color

Diagnosis

Pernio is usually diagnosed based on the symptoms and the patient's history of exposure to cold. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

The treatment for pernio focuses on relieving the symptoms and preventing future episodes. This can include:

• Keeping the affected areas warm
• Using topical creams to relieve itching and inflammation
• Taking oral medications to improve circulation
• Avoiding exposure to cold

Prevention

Prevention of pernio involves keeping the skin warm and dry, especially in cold weather. This can include wearing warm clothing, using heating pads, and avoiding rapid changes in temperature.

See also

• Frostbite
• Raynaud's disease
• Cold urticaria

Pernio Resources
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