Petechia

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Petechia
Petechiae on the tongue
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Small red or purple spots on the skin
Complications
Onset
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Trauma, infection, thrombocytopenia, vitamin K deficiency
Risks
Diagnosis	Physical examination, blood test
Differential diagnosis	Purpura, ecchymosis
Prevention
Treatment	Address underlying cause
Medication
Prognosis
Frequency
Deaths	N/A

Petechiae are small, round, pinpoint spots that appear on the skin or mucous membranes as a result of minor hemorrhages. These spots, which are typically 1-2 mm in diameter, are usually red, purple, or brown, and are a result of bleeding from small capillaries under the skin.

Petechiaesmall

Etiology

Petechiae can arise due to a variety of factors, most commonly due to physical trauma, excessive straining, specific medications, or certain medical conditions that impair the body's clotting mechanism or cause damage to the blood vessels.

Pathophysiology

Petechiae are the result of tiny blood vessels, known as capillaries, leaking blood into the skin. This can occur when the blood vessels are damaged or if there is a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia), which impairs the body's ability to form blood clots.

File:Petechia lower leg.jpg

Petechia lower leg

Clinical Presentation

Petechiae appear as small, pinpoint round spots on the skin or mucous membranes. They are usually flat and do not lose their color when pressed (non-blanchable). While they can occur anywhere on the body, they are most often found on the lower legs, face, and neck.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is often made based on physical examination and patient's medical history. However, if the cause of petechiae is not clear, further investigations such as complete blood count, coagulation studies, and/or a biopsy of the skin may be required.

Treatment

The treatment of petechiae depends on the underlying cause. If it is due to a medication, the drug may need to be discontinued or replaced. In cases of low platelet count, treatment may involve platelet transfusions or medications to increase platelet count.

Prevention

Preventing petechiae primarily involves treating the underlying conditions that may cause them. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding medications known to affect clotting may also help.

See also

• Purpura
• Thrombocytopenia
• Hemorrhage