Piperacillin

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Piperacillin.svg

Piperacillin is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic of the ureidopenicillin class. It is commonly used in combination with a beta-lactamase inhibitor such as tazobactam to enhance its effectiveness against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.

Mechanism of Action[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, which inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis. This action leads to the weakening of the cell wall and ultimately causes cell lysis and death of the bacterium.

Spectrum of Activity[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is particularly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common pathogen in hospital-acquired infections.

Clinical Uses[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

Combination with Tazobactam[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin is often combined with tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, to form piperacillin/tazobactam. This combination extends the antibiotic's spectrum of activity by protecting piperacillin from degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by resistant bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin is administered intravenously. It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including the lungs, liver, kidneys, bone, and bile. The drug is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Common side effects of piperacillin include:

Contraindications[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin should not be used in patients with a known allergy to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics. Caution is advised in patients with renal impairment due to the risk of accumulation and toxicity.

History[edit | edit source]

Piperacillin was developed in the 1970s and has since become a valuable antibiotic in the treatment of serious infections, particularly those caused by resistant organisms.

See Also[edit | edit source]

Penicillin antibiotics[edit source]

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