Plains bison

American bison k5680-1

The plains bison (Bison bison bison) is a subspecies of the American bison that once roamed the Great Plains of North America in vast herds. It is one of two subspecies of the American bison, the other being the wood bison (Bison bison athabascae).

Description

Plains bison are large, herbivorous mammals characterized by their massive heads, humped shoulders, and shaggy coats. Adult males, known as bulls, can weigh up to 2,000 pounds (900 kg), while females, known as cows, are generally smaller, weighing around 1,000 pounds (450 kg). They have a distinctive hump on their shoulders, which is supported by elongated vertebrae.

Habitat and Range

Historically, plains bison were found across the Great Plains from Canada to Mexico. They inhabited a variety of ecosystems, including prairies, river valleys, and open woodlands. Today, their range has been significantly reduced due to habitat loss and hunting, and they are primarily found in protected areas such as Yellowstone National Park and Wind Cave National Park.

Behavior

Plains bison are social animals that live in herds. Herds are typically composed of females and their young, while males often form separate bachelor groups. During the breeding season, known as the rut, males compete for access to females through displays of dominance and physical confrontations.

Diet

As herbivores, plains bison primarily feed on grasses and sedges. They play a crucial role in their ecosystem by grazing, which helps maintain the health of the prairie and promotes biodiversity.

Conservation

The plains bison faced near-extinction in the late 19th century due to overhunting and habitat destruction. Conservation efforts, including the establishment of protected areas and breeding programs, have helped to increase their numbers. However, they are still considered near-threatened and continue to face challenges such as genetic diversity and disease.

Cultural Significance

Plains bison hold significant cultural importance for many Indigenous peoples of North America. They were a vital resource, providing food, clothing, and materials for tools and shelter. The bison also hold spiritual significance and are featured in various cultural traditions and ceremonies.

See also

• American bison
• Wood bison
• Great Plains
• Yellowstone National Park
• Wind Cave National Park