Pronation

Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. Composed of three cardinal plane components: subtalar eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction, these three distinct motions of the foot occur simultaneously during the pronation phase.

Anatomy

The anatomical structure involved in pronation includes the subtalar joint of the foot. The subtalar joint allows for the foot to perform the act of pronation and supination. The subtalar joint is a complex joint located below the ankle joint and is formed by the talus on top and the calcaneus on the bottom.

Function

Pronation is a normal function that occurs when the foot hits the ground in walking or running. Pronation controls shock, when the arch collapses (referred to as eversion) the soft tissue of the foot absorbs the impact, accommodates to various ground surfaces and supports the body weight.

Clinical significance

Excessive pronation (over-pronation) can lead to injuries such as shin splints, Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, knee pain, lower back pain, and other conditions. The injuries may be due to the over-pronation causing an alteration in the body's alignment and motion.

See also

• Supination
• Foot type
• Gait (human)

References

Pronation Resources
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