Psilocybe zapotecorum

Psilocybe zapotecorum Veracruz

Psilocybe zapotecorum is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. This species is known for its psychoactive properties, which are primarily due to the presence of psilocybin and psilocin. It is named after the Zapotec people of Mexico, who have historically used this mushroom in their traditional spiritual practices.

Description

Psilocybe zapotecorum has a distinctive appearance that makes it identifiable in the wild. The cap is typically conical to bell-shaped, measuring 1.5 to 5 cm in diameter. It is hygrophanous, meaning it changes color depending on its moisture content, ranging from a dark brown when wet to a lighter yellow-brown when dry. The surface of the cap is smooth and often sticky when moist.

The gills are adnate to adnexed, closely spaced, and initially pale brown, becoming darker as the spores mature. The stipe is slender, measuring 4 to 12 cm in length and 0.2 to 0.5 cm in thickness, with a whitish to yellowish color that bruises blue when handled.

Distribution and Habitat

Psilocybe zapotecorum is primarily found in the subtropical and tropical regions of Mexico, particularly in the states of Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Puebla. It grows in humid environments, often in cloud forests and along riverbanks, typically on decaying wood or in rich, loamy soil.

Psychoactive Properties

The psychoactive effects of Psilocybe zapotecorum are due to its content of psilocybin and psilocin, which are tryptamine alkaloids. These compounds interact with the serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to altered perceptions, mood changes, and visual hallucinations. The use of this mushroom in traditional ceremonies by the Zapotec people is well-documented, where it is often consumed in a ritualistic context to induce spiritual experiences.

Cultural Significance

The Zapotec people have a long history of using Psilocybe zapotecorum in their religious and healing practices. The mushroom is considered sacred and is often referred to as "niños santos" or "holy children." It is used in ceremonies to communicate with the spiritual world, seek guidance, and heal physical and mental ailments.

Legal Status

The legal status of Psilocybe zapotecorum varies by country. In many places, the possession, sale, and use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms are regulated or prohibited. However, in some regions, there are exceptions for traditional and religious use.

See Also

• Psilocybe
• Psilocybin mushrooms
• Psychedelic therapy
• Entheogen
• Zapotec civilization