Pyloric stenosis

Pyloric Stenosis

Diagram of the stomach showing the pylorus.

Pyloric stenosis is a condition in which the opening between the stomach and small intestine thickens. This condition can lead to severe vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. It is most commonly seen in infants.

Signs and Symptoms

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Ultrasound image showing pyloric stenosis.

The primary symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting, which typically occurs after feeding. Other symptoms may include:

• Dehydration
• Weight loss
• Constant hunger
• Stomach contractions

Causes

The exact cause of pyloric stenosis is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is more common in males than females and tends to run in families.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination and imaging studies. An ultrasound is often used to confirm the diagnosis by showing the thickened pylorus.

Treatment

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Surgical procedure of pyloromyotomy.

The standard treatment for pyloric stenosis is a surgical procedure called pyloromyotomy. This procedure involves splitting the muscle of the pylorus to relieve the obstruction.

Surgical Procedure

Illustration of pyloric stenosis.

The pyloromyotomy can be performed as an open surgery or laparoscopically. The laparoscopic approach is less invasive and involves smaller incisions.

File:Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy scar, 6hrs post-op.jpg

Scar from laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, 6 hours post-operation.

Prognosis

With appropriate surgical treatment, the prognosis for infants with pyloric stenosis is excellent. Most infants recover quickly and have no long-term complications.

Related Pages

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Infant vomiting
• Dehydration