Quadrilateral space syndrome

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Quadrilateral space syndrome
Illustration of shoulder muscles
Synonyms Quadrangular space syndrome
Pronounce N/A
Specialty Orthopedics, Sports medicine
Symptoms Shoulder pain, paresthesia in the posterior upper arm
Complications Muscle atrophy
Onset Typically young adults
Duration Can be chronic
Types N/A
Causes Compression of the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery
Risks Repetitive overhead activities, trauma
Diagnosis Physical examination, MRI, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis Rotator cuff tear, cervical radiculopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome
Prevention Avoidance of repetitive overhead activities
Treatment Physical therapy, surgery
Medication NSAIDs
Prognosis Generally good with treatment
Frequency Rare
Deaths N/A


Quadrilateral Space Syndrome is a rare condition that affects the nervous system and musculoskeletal system. It is characterized by pain, numbness, and muscle weakness in the shoulder and arm due to compression of the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery.

Causes[edit | edit source]

The syndrome is caused by compression of the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery, which pass through the quadrilateral space in the shoulder. This compression can be due to various factors such as anatomical abnormalities, muscle hypertrophy, fibrous bands, cysts, tumors, or trauma.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

The main symptoms of Quadrilateral Space Syndrome include:

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of Quadrilateral Space Syndrome is often challenging due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms. It is usually based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS) may also be used.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment options for Quadrilateral Space Syndrome include physical therapy, pain management, and in severe cases, surgery. The goal of treatment is to relieve the compression on the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery, and to restore normal function of the shoulder and arm.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD