Radiation colitis

Radiation colitis is a disease that affects the large intestine or colon. It is a complication that arises from radiation therapy, a common treatment for cancer. The condition is characterized by inflammation and damage to the colon's lining, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Causes

Radiation colitis is caused by exposure to radiation, typically as part of a treatment plan for cancer. The radiation can damage the cells in the colon, leading to inflammation and other problems. The risk of developing radiation colitis increases with the dose of radiation received, the duration of treatment, and the specific area of the body that is treated.

Symptoms

The symptoms of radiation colitis can vary widely, depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Rectal bleeding
• Weight loss

In severe cases, radiation colitis can lead to more serious complications, such as intestinal obstruction, fistula formation, and perforation of the colon.

Diagnosis

Radiation colitis is typically diagnosed based on a patient's symptoms and medical history, particularly a history of radiation therapy. Medical imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, may be used to visualize the colon and assess the extent of the damage. A colonoscopy may also be performed, which allows the doctor to directly examine the inside of the colon and take biopsies if necessary.

Treatment

Treatment for radiation colitis typically involves managing the symptoms and trying to heal the damaged colon. This may include:

• Dietary changes, such as eating a low-fiber diet
• Medication, such as anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics
• Surgery, in severe cases

See also

• Radiation proctitis
• Radiation enteritis
• Radiation therapy