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Renal cell carcinoma
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma high magnification
Synonyms
Hypernephroma, renal adenocarcinoma, kidney cancer
Pronounce
N/A
Specialty
N/A
Symptoms
Hematuria , flank pain , abdominal mass , weight loss , fever
Complications
Metastasis , paraneoplastic syndrome
Onset
Typically between ages 60 and 70
Duration
Long-term
Types
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma , papillary renal cell carcinoma , chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Causes
Smoking , obesity , hypertension , genetic factors
Risks
Von Hippel-Lindau disease , tuberous sclerosis , family history
Diagnosis
CT scan , MRI , ultrasound , biopsy
Differential diagnosis
Transitional cell carcinoma , renal oncocytoma , angiomyolipoma
Prevention
Smoking cessation , weight management , blood pressure control
Treatment
Surgery , targeted therapy , immunotherapy , radiation therapy
Medication
Sunitinib , pazopanib , nivolumab , ipilimumab
Prognosis
Variable, depends on stage and grade
Frequency
Approximately 2-3% of adult cancers
Deaths
Approximately 140,000 worldwide annually
File:Renal clear cell ca (1) Nephrectomy.jpg Renal clear cell carcinoma nephrectomy
File:Papillary renal cell carcinoma 1.jpg Papillary renal cell carcinoma
File:Histopathology of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.png Histopathology of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
File:Renal cell carcinoma.jpg Renal cell carcinoma
File:Renal tumors by relative incidence and prognosis.png Renal tumors by relative incidence and prognosis
File:Kidney cancer.jpg Kidney cancer
File:Embolization kidney.jpg Embolization kidney
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC ) is a type of kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport waste molecules from the blood to the urine.
Signs and Symptoms [ edit ]
The classic triad of hematuria , pain, and an abdominal mass is only present in 10% of cases, and is generally indicative of more advanced disease. Today, most cases of RCC are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally on imaging for other reasons.
RCC is associated with several hereditary conditions, including Von Hippel-Lindau disease , hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC, Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, and hereditary papillary renal carcinoma.
Diagnosis [ edit ]
Diagnosis of RCC involves a combination of medical imaging (such as CT scanning or ultrasound), blood and urine tests, and often, a biopsy.
Treatment [ edit ]
Treatment options for RCC include surgery , radiation therapy , immunotherapy , targeted therapy , and in some cases, chemotherapy .
Prognosis [ edit ]
The prognosis for RCC varies widely depending on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed.
See Also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]