Retrognathia

Retrognathia is a condition characterized by a jaw that is set further back than normal. This condition can affect either the upper jaw (maxilla), known as maxillary retrognathia, or the lower jaw (mandible), known as mandibular retrognathia. Retrognathia can lead to various complications, including sleep apnea, malocclusion, and difficulties with eating and speaking.

Causes

Retrognathia can be caused by a variety of factors. It can be a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth. It can also develop as a result of certain genetic conditions, such as Pierre Robin sequence or Treacher Collins syndrome. Other potential causes include environmental factors, such as thumb sucking or prolonged use of a pacifier, and certain medical conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of retrognathia is a jaw that appears to be set back from the rest of the face. Other symptoms can include difficulties with chewing and swallowing, speech problems, and breathing difficulties, particularly during sleep. In severe cases, retrognathia can lead to malocclusion, or misalignment of the teeth, which can cause further complications.

Diagnosis

Retrognathia is typically diagnosed through a physical examination and imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans. The diagnosis may be confirmed through a process known as cephalometric analysis, which involves taking measurements of the head and face to determine the relationship between different facial structures.

Treatment

Treatment for retrognathia depends on the severity of the condition and the specific symptoms present. In mild cases, no treatment may be necessary. In more severe cases, treatment options can include orthodontic treatment, such as braces or other appliances, to correct the position of the teeth and jaw. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to reposition the jaw.

See also

• Micrognathia
• Prognathism
• Orthognathic surgery