Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare form of skin cancer that primarily affects the sweat glands and hair follicles. It is characterized by slow growth and a high risk of local recurrence, but it rarely metastasizes.

Signs and Symptoms

MAC typically presents as a skin-colored or slightly reddish, firm nodule or plaque. It is most commonly found on the face, particularly the upper lip and nose, but it can occur anywhere on the body. The lesion may be asymptomatic or may cause symptoms such as pain or numbness.

Causes

The exact cause of MAC is unknown. However, it is thought to arise from the sweat glands and hair follicles, which are structures in the skin that produce sweat and hair, respectively. Some studies have suggested that exposure to radiation or a history of skin injury may increase the risk of developing MAC.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MAC is typically made through a biopsy, in which a small sample of the lesion is removed and examined under a microscope. The characteristic microscopic features of MAC include small cysts and ducts, as well as nests of cells that invade the surrounding tissue.

Treatment

Treatment of MAC typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. Because MAC often extends deeper into the tissue than it appears on the surface, wide excision or Mohs surgery is usually recommended. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in addition to surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for MAC is generally good, as it rarely metastasizes. However, the tumor often recurs locally, and repeated surgeries may be necessary.

See Also

• Skin cancer
• Sweat glands
• Hair follicles
• Biopsy
• Mohs surgery
• Radiation therapy

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