Sigmoidocele

Sigmoidocele is a medical condition characterized by the prolapse or herniation of the sigmoid colon into the rectum. This condition is often associated with pelvic organ prolapse, and can lead to symptoms such as constipation, discomfort, and a sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation.

Etiology

The exact cause of sigmoidocele is not well understood. However, it is believed to be associated with conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as obesity, chronic constipation, and heavy lifting. It is also more common in women who have had multiple pregnancies, suggesting a role for hormonal and mechanical factors.

Pathophysiology

In a sigmoidocele, the sigmoid colon, which is normally located in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, herniates into the rectum. This can cause a bulge in the anterior wall of the rectum, which can interfere with normal bowel function.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with sigmoidocele may present with a variety of symptoms, including constipation, a sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation, and discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen or rectum. In severe cases, the sigmoidocele may be palpable on digital rectal examination.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of sigmoidocele is typically made based on the patient's symptoms and physical examination findings. Imaging studies, such as a defecography, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment of sigmoidocele is primarily surgical, and may involve resection of the prolapsed portion of the sigmoid colon, or a procedure to reposition the sigmoid colon and secure it in its normal position. In some cases, conservative management with dietary modifications and laxatives may be sufficient.

See Also

• Pelvic organ prolapse
• Sigmoid colon
• Defecography