Snapping hip

Snapping Hip Syndrome (also known as Coxa Saltans, iliopsoas tendinitis, or dancer's hip) is a medical condition characterized by a snapping sensation felt when the hip is flexed and extended. This can be accompanied by an audible snapping or popping noise. Snapping hip syndrome may not always be associated with pain, but it can lead to discomfort and can be a nuisance to those affected, particularly athletes, dancers, and individuals engaged in activities requiring extensive hip movement.

Causes

Snapping hip syndrome can be classified into three main types based on the location of the snapping: external, internal, or intra-articular.

• External Snapping Hip: The most common form, external snapping hip, occurs when the iliotibial band, tensor fasciae latae, or gluteus maximus muscle slides over the greater trochanter of the femur. Tightness in these muscles and tendons is a significant contributing factor.

• Internal Snapping Hip: This form is caused by the iliopsoas tendon snapping over bony structures of the hip, such as the iliopectineal eminence or the femoral head. It is often associated with iliopsoas tendinitis.

• Intra-articular Snapping Hip: Less common, this type involves structures within the hip joint itself, such as loose bodies, labral tears, or cartilage damage. It may be indicative of more serious hip pathology.

Symptoms

Symptoms of snapping hip syndrome include:

• A snapping or popping sensation in the hip during movement
• Possible pain or discomfort in the hip or groin area
• Feeling of the hip "giving way" or being unstable (less common)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of snapping hip syndrome typically involves a physical examination and the patient's medical history. Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be used to rule out other conditions and to confirm the diagnosis by visualizing the movement of muscles and tendons over the hip structures.

Treatment

Treatment for snapping hip syndrome often begins with conservative measures, including:

• Rest and avoidance of activities that exacerbate symptoms
• Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the hip muscles
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation

In cases where conservative treatment is ineffective, and the condition is severe, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgical options vary depending on the underlying cause of the snapping and may include releasing or lengthening the involved tendons or removing loose bodies from the hip joint.

Prevention

Preventive measures for snapping hip syndrome focus on maintaining flexibility and strength in the hip muscles. Regular stretching and strengthening exercises, as well as proper warm-up and cool-down routines during physical activities, can help reduce the risk of developing this condition.