Specialty

Specialty (medicine) is a branch of medical practice that focuses on a specific area of patient care, medical science, or types of diseases. It is a field in which a doctor has advanced knowledge and experience. The process of becoming a specialist typically requires a period of additional training after obtaining a basic medical degree.

History

The concept of medical specialties dates back to the times of Hippocrates, who is often considered the father of medicine. However, it was not until the 19th century that the modern system of medical specialties began to take shape. This was largely due to advances in medical science and technology, which allowed doctors to gain a deeper understanding of different areas of the human body and the diseases that affect them.

Types of Specialties

There are many different types of medical specialties. These can be broadly divided into three categories: surgical specialties, internal medicine specialties, and diagnostic specialties.

Surgical Specialties

Surgical specialties involve the use of surgery to treat diseases and conditions. Examples include orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and neurosurgery.

Internal Medicine Specialties

Internal medicine specialties focus on the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of diseases. Examples include cardiology, endocrinology, and gastroenterology.

Diagnostic Specialties

Diagnostic specialties involve the use of medical imaging and laboratory tests to diagnose diseases. Examples include radiology, pathology, and clinical laboratory science.

Training and Certification

Becoming a specialist typically requires a period of additional training after obtaining a basic medical degree. This is known as residency. After completing residency, doctors may choose to undergo further training in a subspecialty. This is known as fellowship.

In many countries, doctors must pass an examination to become board certified in their specialty. This certification is often required to practice medicine in that specialty.

See Also

• List of medical specialties
• Medical education
• Medical school